Peptide Database

EDR peptide · Glu-Asp-Arg

Pinealon is a synthetic tripeptide (Glu-Asp-Arg) developed by the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology. It is characterized as a pineal gland cytoprotective peptide that penetrates the blood-brain barrier and acts as a transcription factor, regulating gene expression in neuronal cells. Research suggests neuroprotective, antioxidant, and cognition-preserving effects, particularly in aging and hypoxic conditions.

Symlin · synthetic amylin

Pramlintide is a synthetic analog of amylin, a peptide co-secreted with insulin from pancreatic β-cells. Approved as adjunct therapy to insulin in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, it slows gastric emptying, suppresses postprandial glucagon, and promotes satiety. It is the only amylinomimetic approved for clinical use and is studied for its complementary role to insulin in postprandial glucose control.

Bremelanotide · Vyleesi

PT-141 (bremelanotide) is a cyclic heptapeptide melanocortin receptor agonist, FDA-approved for hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in premenopausal women. Unlike PDE5 inhibitors, it acts centrally through MC3R and MC4R receptors in the hypothalamus to initiate sexual arousal, making it effective for psychological as well as physiological sexual dysfunction. Research also explores applications in male erectile dysfunction.

Serelaxin · H2 relaxin

Relaxin-2 is an endogenous peptide hormone structurally related to insulin, primarily known for its role in pregnancy (cervical ripening, joint laxity). Research discovered its potent anti-fibrotic properties — it remodels collagen networks in heart, kidney, lung, and liver — making it a leading candidate for fibrosis and acute heart failure. Serelaxin (recombinant relaxin) reached Phase 3 trials for acute heart failure with promising early signals but did not meet primary endpoints.

LY3437943

Retatrutide is a triple agonist targeting GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptors simultaneously. Phase 2 trials demonstrated up to 24.2% body weight reduction — the highest achieved by any pharmacotherapy to date. The addition of glucagon agonism enhances energy expenditure and lipid metabolism beyond dual incretin agonists. Phase 3 trials are underway for obesity and NASH.

Arg-Gly-Asp · Integrin-binding peptide

RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) is a tripeptide sequence found in many extracellular matrix proteins (fibronectin, vitronectin, collagen) that serves as the primary recognition motif for integrin receptors. RGD-containing peptides and scaffolds are extensively used in biomaterials research to promote cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation for tissue engineering, wound healing, and regenerative medicine applications.

Selanc · TP-7

Selank is a synthetic heptapeptide analog of tuftsin developed by the Russian Institute of Molecular Genetics. Approved in Russia for anxiety and cognitive disorders, it exhibits anxiolytic effects comparable to benzodiazepines without sedation or dependence. Research shows it modulates GABA, serotonin, and dopamine systems, enhances BDNF expression, and improves memory consolidation and learning.

C₃₃H₅₇N₁₁O₉ · 751.87 Da

Ozempic · Wegovy

Semaglutide is a long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist approved for type 2 diabetes (Ozempic, Rybelsus) and obesity (Wegovy). By mimicking the incretin hormone GLP-1, it enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion, suppresses glucagon, slows gastric emptying, and reduces appetite via central hypothalamic pathways. Landmark trials demonstrate up to 15–17% body weight reduction and significant cardiovascular mortality benefit.

MEHFPGP · Pro8-Gly9-Pro10-ACTH(4–10)

Semax is a synthetic heptapeptide analog of ACTH(4-7) developed in Russia, where it is approved for stroke, TBI, peptic ulcers, and cognitive enhancement. It upregulates BDNF and its receptor TrkB, promotes dopamine and serotonin turnover, and has demonstrated neuroprotective effects in ischemia models. Research highlights improvements in attention, memory, and recovery from neurological injury.

GHRH(1-29) · GRF 1-29 NH2

Sermorelin is a synthetic analog of the first 29 amino acids of endogenous growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH). It stimulates the pituitary to produce and secrete growth hormone in a pulsatile, physiologic manner. FDA-approved for GH deficiency in children, it is extensively researched in adults for body composition, sleep quality, and age-related GH decline.

C₁₄₉H₂₄₆N₄₄O₄₂S · 3357.88 Da

Small Humanin-Like Peptide 2

SHLP2 is a mitochondria-derived peptide (MDP) encoded in the 16S rRNA region of the mitochondrial genome, from the same region as humanin. It promotes mitochondrial biogenesis, reduces reactive oxygen species, and inhibits apoptosis in multiple cell types. Research shows it protects against age-related macular degeneration, reduces atherosclerosis risk, and is inversely correlated with type 2 diabetes and Parkinson's disease. Circulating SHLP2 declines with age.

Acetyl Octapeptide-3

SNAP-8 is an extended version of Argireline (an octapeptide vs hexapeptide), designed with enhanced SNARE-inhibiting potency. By more completely blocking the formation of the SNARE complex, it more effectively reduces muscle contraction at treated sites. Cosmetic research shows superior wrinkle reduction efficacy compared to Argireline at equivalent concentrations, particularly in forehead lines.

SRIF · Somatotropin Release-Inhibiting Factor

Somatostatin is a 14-amino-acid cyclic peptide and the primary endogenous inhibitor of growth hormone secretion. It also inhibits insulin, glucagon, gastrin, cholecystokinin, and secretin release, slows GI motility, and reduces splanchnic blood flow. Its short half-life drove the development of longer-acting analogs (octreotide, lanreotide) used clinically for acromegaly, neuroendocrine tumors, and GI bleeding.

Elamipretide · Szeto-Schiller 31

SS-31 (elamipretide) is a tetrapeptide that selectively targets cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane, stabilizing cristae architecture and enhancing ATP synthesis efficiency. It reduces mitochondrial ROS production and protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury, heart failure, and aging-related mitochondrial dysfunction. Phase 2 trials have been conducted for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and Barth syndrome.

SP · NK1 ligand

Substance P is an 11-amino-acid neuropeptide of the tachykinin family and a primary neurotransmitter of pain signaling in the spinal cord. It binds NK1 receptors to mediate neurogenic inflammation, pain hypersensitivity, and emotional processing. NK1 antagonists have been developed for pain, depression (aprepitant), and nausea. Research also implicates substance P in wound healing, immune activation, and neuroinflammation.

Dipeptide Diaminobutyroyl Benzylamide Diacetate

Syn-Ake is a synthetic dipeptide that mimics the mechanism of waglerin-1, a peptide found in Temple Viper venom, by antagonizing muscular nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and reducing muscle contraction. Applied topically, it reduces the depth of expression lines by temporarily relaxing facial muscles. It has become a common high-end cosmetic ingredient positioned as a non-injectable alternative to botulinum toxin.

Thymosin Beta-4 Fragment · Tβ4 fragment

TB-500 is a synthetic version of the active region of Thymosin Beta-4, a naturally occurring peptide found in virtually all human cells. Research shows it promotes actin polymerization and cell migration, which accelerates wound healing, muscle repair, and vascular growth. It is particularly studied for its ability to reduce inflammation and promote cardiac tissue repair.

C₂₁₂H₃₅₀N₅₆O₇₈S · 4963.44 Da

Egrifta · TH9507

Tesamorelin is a stabilized synthetic GHRH analog FDA-approved for reduction of excess abdominal fat in HIV-infected adults with lipodystrophy. It stimulates pulsatile GH secretion while preserving natural feedback regulation. Research demonstrates significant visceral adipose tissue reduction, improved lipid profiles, and cognitive benefits, making it a key study compound for metabolic dysfunction.

Thymus Humoral Factor-Gamma 2 · THF-γ2

Thymalin is a peptide complex isolated from bovine thymus gland, approved in Russia for use as an immunomodulator. Research demonstrates it restores age-related decline in T-cell function, enhances bone marrow activity, and supports immune homeostasis. Long-term studies in elderly populations show reductions in all-cause mortality and improved immune resilience, positioning it as a key anti-aging immunotherapy research compound.

TP-5 · Timunox

Thymopentin (TP-5) is a synthetic pentapeptide corresponding to positions 32–36 of thymopoietin. It is approved in several countries for HIV infection, rheumatoid arthritis, and immune deficiencies. Research shows it selectively promotes T-cell maturation and differentiation, enhancing both cellular and humoral immune responses without causing immunosuppression.

Thymalfasin · Tα1

Thymosin Alpha-1 is a naturally occurring 28-amino-acid peptide derived from thymosin fraction 5 of the thymus gland. Approved in over 35 countries for hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and as an immune adjuvant in cancer therapy, it enhances T-cell maturation, dendritic cell function, and NK cell activity. Research continues to expand into sepsis, COVID-19, autoimmune conditions, and vaccine response enhancement.

C₁₂₉H₂₁₅N₃₃O₅₅ · 3108.29 Da

Tβ4 · LKKTETQ

Thymosin Beta-4 is the full-length 43-amino-acid peptide and one of the most abundant intracellular proteins in mammalian cells. It sequesters G-actin, regulating actin polymerization and cell motility, which underpins its role in wound healing, cardiac repair, and immune cell migration. Clinical trials have examined it for dry eye disease, epidermolysis bullosa, and cardiac repair after myocardial infarction.

Serum Thymic Factor · Facteur Thymique Sérique

Thymulin is a nonapeptide produced exclusively by thymic epithelial cells, requiring zinc for biological activity. It promotes T-cell differentiation, enhances cytokine production, and is a key marker of thymic function. Circulating thymulin levels decline with age, paralleling thymic involution. Research examines its role in autoimmunity, inflammatory diseases, and as a zinc-dependent immune regulator in aging.

Mounjaro · Zepbound

Tirzepatide is the first dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist, approved for type 2 diabetes (Mounjaro) and obesity (Zepbound). By co-activating both incretin receptors, it achieves superior glycemic control and weight reduction compared to GLP-1 monotherapy — SURMOUNT trials showed up to 22.5% body weight reduction. It represents a new class of metabolic peptide therapeutics with broad cardiovascular and metabolic benefits.