Peptide Database

Ang(1-7) · A779 counter-regulatory

Angiotensin 1-7 is a 7-amino-acid peptide of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and the primary product of ACE2 enzyme activity. It opposes the vasoconstrictive, pro-inflammatory actions of Angiotensin II by acting on the Mas receptor — promoting vasodilation, natriuresis, anti-fibrosis, and anti-inflammation. Extensively studied for heart failure, hypertension, and COVID-19, it represents the counter-regulatory arm of the RAS.

FGF-21

FGF-21 is a 181-amino-acid endocrine fibroblast growth factor secreted by the liver under fasting conditions. It promotes fatty acid oxidation, ketogenesis, insulin sensitization, and thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue. Animal studies show it extends lifespan and reverses metabolic syndrome. Long-acting FGF-21 analogs and fusion proteins (efruxifermin, pegbelfermin) are in Phase 2–3 trials for NASH, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia.

Elamipretide · Szeto-Schiller 31

SS-31 (elamipretide) is a tetrapeptide that selectively targets cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane, stabilizing cristae architecture and enhancing ATP synthesis efficiency. It reduces mitochondrial ROS production and protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury, heart failure, and aging-related mitochondrial dysfunction. Phase 2 trials have been conducted for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and Barth syndrome.